This documentation is automatically generated by online-judge-tools/verification-helper
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/lca"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#include "../graph/heavy-light-decomposition.cpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(nullptr);
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
int n, q;
cin >> n >> q;
HeavyLightDecomposition tree(n);
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int p;
cin >> p;
tree.add_edge(p, i);
}
tree.build();
for(int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
int u, v;
cin >> u >> v;
cout << tree.lca(u, v) << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
#line 1 "test/yosupo-lowest-common-ancestor.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/lca"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#line 2 "graph/heavy-light-decomposition.cpp"
#line 4 "graph/heavy-light-decomposition.cpp"
using namespace std;
class HeavyLightDecomposition {
private:
vector<vector<int>> g;
vector<int> sz, in, out, head, rev, par;
bool built;
void dfs_sz(int v, int p) {
par[v] = p;
sz[v] = 1;
if(!g[v].empty() && g[v][0] == p) swap(g[v][0], g[v].back());
for(auto &&u : g[v])
if(u != p) {
dfs_sz(u, v);
sz[v] += sz[u];
if(sz[u] > sz[g[v][0]]) swap(u, g[v][0]);
}
}
void dfs_hld(int v, int p, int &t) {
in[v] = t++;
rev[in[v]] = v;
for(auto &&u : g[v])
if(u != p) {
head[u] = (u == g[v][0] ? head[v] : u);
dfs_hld(u, v, t);
}
out[v] = t;
}
public:
explicit HeavyLightDecomposition(int n)
: g(n), sz(n), in(n), out(n), head(n), rev(n), par(n), built(false) {}
explicit HeavyLightDecomposition(const vector<vector<int>> &g, int root = 0)
: g(g),
sz(g.size()),
in(g.size()),
out(g.size()),
head(g.size()),
rev(g.size()),
par(g.size()) {
build(root);
}
void add_edge(int u, int v) {
g[u].push_back(v);
g[v].push_back(u);
}
void build(int r = 0) {
dfs_sz(r, -1);
int t = 0;
head[r] = r;
dfs_hld(r, -1, t);
built = true;
}
int lca(int u, int v) {
assert(built);
while(true) {
if(in[u] > in[v]) swap(u, v);
if(head[u] == head[v]) return u;
v = par[head[v]];
}
}
pair<int, int> subtree_query(int u) {
assert(built);
return pair<int, int>{in[u], out[u]};
}
vector<pair<int, int>> node_query(int u, int v) {
assert(built);
vector<pair<int, int>> res;
while(true) {
if(in[u] > in[v]) swap(u, v);
if(head[u] == head[v]) break;
res.emplace_back(in[head[v]], in[v] + 1);
v = par[head[v]];
}
res.emplace_back(in[u], in[v] + 1);
return res;
}
vector<pair<int, int>> edge_query(int u, int v) {
assert(built);
vector<pair<int, int>> res;
while(true) {
if(in[u] > in[v]) swap(u, v);
if(head[u] == head[v]) break;
res.emplace_back(in[head[v]], in[v] + 1);
v = par[head[v]];
}
res.emplace_back(in[u] + 1, in[v] + 1);
return res;
}
int operator[](int u) {
assert(built);
return in[u];
}
};
/*
* @brief Heavy-Light-Decomposition
* @docs docs/heavy-light-decomposition.md
*/
#line 7 "test/yosupo-lowest-common-ancestor.test.cpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(nullptr);
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
int n, q;
cin >> n >> q;
HeavyLightDecomposition tree(n);
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int p;
cin >> p;
tree.add_edge(p, i);
}
tree.build();
for(int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
int u, v;
cin >> u >> v;
cout << tree.lca(u, v) << "\n";
}
return 0;
}